Southern Africa Review

Southern Africa

How tax revenue changed relative to GDP in Southern Africa

In 2023, the reported tax-revenue ratio was 40.00% of GDP in Lesotho, 32.66% in Namibia and 25.40% in South Africa. Zambia reported 17.27%.

Sources checked

2010 and 2023Tax revenue by country

2010

Shared scale · 0% of GDP to 40% of GDP

  • Botswana23.88% of GDP
  • Lesotho30.3% of GDP
  • Mozambique14.35% of GDP
  • Namibia25.54% of GDP
  • South Africa22.52% of GDP
  • Zambia12.83% of GDP

Switch between two years using the same percentage-of-GDP scale.

Source 1

Tax revenue, 2010 to 2023

Shared scale from zero to 42.00 % of GDP. A gap marks a year without an observation.

Botswana

Botswana · % of GDP2010: 23.88 · 2011: 24.05 · 2012: 28.04 · 2013: 26.74 · 2014: 27.09 · 2015: 26.31 · 2016: 21.63 · 2017: 23.93 · 2018: 21.74 · 2019: 21.10 · 2020: 22.27 · 2021: 22.23 · 2022: 19.65 · 2023: 22.42

20102023

22.42 % of GDP · 2023

Lesotho

Lesotho · % of GDP2010: 30.30 · 2011: 30.21 · 2012: 38.08 · 2013: 35.91 · 2014: 36.33 · 2015: 33.77 · 2016: 29.29 · 2017: 33.01 · 2018: 31.82 · 2019: 32.54 · 2020: 35.99 · 2021: 31.87 · 2022: 30.44 · 2023: 40.00

20102023

40.00 % of GDP · 2023

Mozambique

Mozambique · % of GDP2010: 14.35 · 2011: 16.80 · 2012: 18.63 · 2013: 21.54 · 2014: 23.97 · 2015: 20.01 · 2016: 20.08 · 2017: 22.11 · 2018: 21.19 · 2019: 26.68 · 2020: 21.53 · 2021: 22.75 · 2022: 22.66 · 2023: 22.35

20102023

22.35 % of GDP · 2023

Namibia

Namibia · % of GDP2010: 25.54 · 2011: 29.55 · 2012: 32.93 · 2013: 32.98 · 2014: 34.63 · 2015: 33.42 · 2016: 29.67 · 2017: 31.31 · 2018: 28.93 · 2019: 30.39 · 2020: 31.21 · 2021: 28.06 · 2022: 27.17 · 2023: 32.66

20102023

32.66 % of GDP · 2023

South Africa

South Africa · % of GDP2010: 22.52 · 2011: 22.87 · 2012: 23.35 · 2013: 23.83 · 2014: 24.43 · 2015: 25.05 · 2016: 24.83 · 2017: 24.77 · 2018: 24.89 · 2019: 24.87 · 2020: 23.26 · 2021: 25.95 · 2022: 26.02 · 2023: 25.40

20102023

25.40 % of GDP · 2023

Zambia

Zambia · % of GDP2010: 12.83 · 2011: 14.72 · 2012: 14.89 · 2013: 14.35 · 2014: 15.76 · 2015: 14.39 · 2016: 13.35 · 2017: 15.18 · 2018: 16.59 · 2019: 16.68 · 2020: 16.42 · 2021: 16.78 · 2022: 16.80 · 2023: 17.27

20102023

17.27 % of GDP · 2023

IMF Government Finance Statistics via World Bank WDI

Mozambique and Zambia recorded higher ratios than in 2010

Mozambique moved from 14.35% in 2010 to 22.35% in 2023. Zambia moved from 12.84% to 17.27%. Mozambique’s series also includes a higher estimate of 26.68% in 2019. Source 1

Lesotho’s 2023 reading followed two lower years

The series recorded 31.87% in 2021 and 30.44% in 2022 before reaching 40.00% in 2023. Botswana was at 22.42% in 2023, up from 19.65% a year earlier. Source 1

Tax revenue is one part of public revenue

The indicator covers compulsory tax payments within the reporting scope. Other receipts such as certain fees and grants are separate items. Consult the source’s government coverage before comparing the full revenue of two countries. Source 2

GDP also changes the ratio

Collections can rise in cash terms while the ratio falls if nominal GDP rises faster. To identify a policy or collection effect, compare the tax breakdown, GDP and changes in reporting coverage. Source 2

Sources

Open the data and source notes